Rejang’s Dialect of Curup, Kepahiang, and Lebong

SOCIOLINGUISTIC
Mini Research
Rejang’s Dialect of Curup, Kepahiang, and Lebong



Compiled By:
RIYANG ADESI
0821110081

CLASS: III-D

Lecturer:
Epi Wadison, S.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
Language of Rejang is a language which use in Rejang Lebong sub province, North Bengkulu sub province, Lebong sub province, and Kepahiang sub province. Altogether are included in Bengkulu province, Indonesia. Language of Rejang has owned separate script which is known as Kaganga. Kaganga look like script which is in Batak’s script and Lampung’s script.
Rejang language has some unique features, they are:
1. Wealthy of vocabularies.
2. Difficult to translate. Example:
“Rajo yo mebureu coa si awié lak nien”.
That king looks like lackluster again to hunt.

3. There are inserted of -em- dan -en-
“ inuk cemerito dongéng kelem. Dongéng o cenerito inok ku”.
Mother told a fable last night. The fable was told by my mother.

4. There is no suffix.
Uku nelei nak Cu’up. (I grow up in Curup).

5. There are two nasals.
jambeu, inok, singeak, janjei, ( guava, mother, stop off, promise).

6. Pressure by the end of the words.
Example: “Lalan Bélék” pronounced LaLAN béLÉK not LAlan BÉlék.

7. Harmony of vocal
Rejang ; BI ; English * Rejang ; BI ; English
* sobong ; sabung ; fight * tokot ; tongkat ; stick
* léngét ; langit ; sky * nyomok ; nyamok ; mosquito
* ékét ; rakit ; raft * ékét ; ikat ; bunch
* bélék ; pulang ; back home * épén ; gigi ; teeth
* monok ; ayam ; chicken * ésép ; hisap ; suck

8. Has many diphthongs.
Lebong ; Kepahiang ; Curup ; English
1. daneu ; danue ; danue ; lake
2. opoi ; opoi ; opoi ; fire
3. tenei ; tenié ; tenié ; stomach
4. supau ; supeu ; supeu ; broom
5. tilai ; tilei ; tilei ; string


1.2 MINI RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. How are the differences of dialect and vocabularies of Rejang’s Curup, Kepahiang, and Lebong?
2. How are the differences of Rejang’s dialect of Curup, Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang, and Rejang’s dialect of Lebong in phrasing greeting, request, complaint, invitation, and refusal?


1.3 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate Rejang’s dialect, especially Rejang’s dialect of Curup, Kepahiang, and Lebong.




1.4 METHODOLOGY
• The Method of Research
The method used in this research was descriptive method. The researcher used this method to describe differences of Rejang’s dialect, especially Rejang’s dialect of Curup, Kepahiang, and Lebong.
• Population and Sample
Population:
Population in this research is the student of Muhammadiyah University Bengkulu.

Sample:
From the students as the population, 3 students are taken as the sample of this study. The technique to find the sample was random.



CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
According to (Wakelin,1972:1) : Dialect is variation of one same language, but in every kinds can understand by the speaker. While language is implication of utterances which are not all of them can understand by the other speakers.
The term dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is used in two distinct ways, even by scholars of language. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect; a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect. The other usage refers to a language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it. This more precise usage enables distinguishing between varieties of a language, such as the French spoken in Nice, France, and local languages distinct from the superordinate language, e.g. Nissart, the traditional native Romance language of Nice, known in French as Niçard.
A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation, the term accent is appropriate, not dialect. Other speech varieties include: standard languages, which are standardized for public performance (for example, a written standard); jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins or argots.



Kinds of dialect:
A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a "correct" spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature that employs that dialect (prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.). There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language. For example, Standard American English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, and Standard Philippine English may all be said to be standard dialects of the English language.
A semi-standard dialect sometimes occurs in micronations such as Sealand or Forvik. A good example of such is that of the "Forvikian American Australian Indian English" dialect, which arose from Englishmen travelling from America, to Australia, then to India, finally to arrive and settle in Forvik. Another example is "Sealandish German Cornish Russian Bermuda English", which arose from English settlers sequentially moving to different geographical locations; finally arriving in Sealand. Few books and publications actually exist but generally the 'unofficial' governments of these micro-nations accept the dialects and verbally set their own standards. Both may be said to be semi-standard dialects of the English language.
A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is not the beneficiary of institutional support. An example of a nonstandard English dialect is Southern English. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.




CHAPTER III
FINDING

Letter e represents sound “besar” (big), and “emas” (gold), while letter é sounds same with “bebek” (duck), and “elok” (nice) in Indonesian. Simple nasal letters (m, n, ny, ng) always followed by vocal which assimilated become nasal sound (air and tone through by nose): nioa [nĩõã] = coconut. It’s different with “barred nasals” (m, n, nj, ng) which always followed by simple vocal : imo [imbo] = jungle. So, for say jameu [jambəu] = guava is different with betemeu [bətəmeu ] = meet.
Some differences of dialects and vocabularies in Rejang language:
English Lebong’s dialect Curup’s dialect Kepahiang dialect’s
You ko ko ko
I uku uku uku
Want lok lak lak
Eat muk mei muk mie muk mea
Side dish lapen lapen gulea
Get married betunok betunak betunak
Do not jikba ji’beak jibeak
Land da'et da'et dahet
Grandchild kpau peu kpeu
Go alau aleu aleu
Special food of Rejang, made from bamboo shoot
lemea
lema
lema
Coconut dodol (Special food of Rejang)
pujuak
pojoak
glamai
Village sadei sadie sadea
Angry mengiak mengiak mengeah
Tempoyak (made from durian) puyok asem tepuyak
Go down tu'un tu'un tuhun
Alone su'ang su'ang suhang
Lazy segan segan segan
Coconut nioa nioa nioa
Thumb finger bei tangen bie tangen bea tangen

Expressing in Rejang Language
 Greeting
Curup : “Hoi… Jano kabar ne kuat?, bik an ite coa betemeu.”
Lebong : “Hoi… jano kabar ne kuat?, bik an it’e coa betemau.”
Kepahiang : “Hoi… jano kabar ne kuat? bik an ite coa betemeu.”
English : “Hi… how are you guy? Long time no see.”

Rejang language usually uses “Hoi” to greet someone when they meet. It’s same with Hi or hello in English. In Rejang language there are some differences in sounding the vocal alphabetic. Rejang’s dialect of Curup and Kepahiang are sounding (e) for say “ite” or we. But Rejang’s dialect of Lebong use (‘e), there is nasal in sounding it. There are also differences in sounding diphthong. Rejang’s dialect of Curup and Kepahiang use diphthong “eu” = “betemeu”, while rejang’s dialect of Lebong use “au”=”betemau” for say meet.



 Request

Curup : “Tulung ko min bajeu ku mai kamar au.”
Lebong : “Tulung ko min keracok ku moi bilik au.”
Kepahiang : “Tulung ko mbin bajeu ku mai kamar au.”
English: “Help me to bring my clothes into my room, please…”

For request something Rejang language usually use some vocabularies as “tulung”, it has the same meaning with help, “pacak” or could you/can you and “lak” or would you like. Rejang language has many differences in vocabulary. Rejang’s dialect of Curup and kepahiang say “bajeu” for “clothes”, and “mai” for say to, while rejang’s dialect of Lebong use “keracok” and “moi”. So, Rejang’s dialect of Curup and Lebong say “min” for say bring, while in Kepahiang say “mbin”.



 Invitation
Curup : “Lak ko muk mie nak pio?”
Lebong : “Lok ko muk mei nok pio?”
Kepahiang : “Lak ko muk mea nak pio?”
English: “Would you like to get lunch here?”

To invite someone, Rejang’s dialect in Curup and Kepahiang often use “lak” or “lok” in Lebong. It has the same meaning with would you like. Rejang’s dialect of curup and Kepahiang sound “ak”, while rejang’s dialect of Lebong sounds “ok”. Like “lak” in Curup and Kepahiang and “lok” in Lebong. Also “betunak” and “betunok”, it has the same meaning with get married.

 Refusal
“Pacak ko kemuat uku kelmen yo nan?,tun tuei ku lak aleu mai umek ninik ku”
“Could you accompany me tonight buddy? My parents will go to my grandmother’s house.”
Curup : “Wei…akoak gi, uku coa nam ba, uku neloak inok ko kemuat asoak ku kulo, si lak aleu mai umeak tetanggo ku gik umung.”
Lebong : “Wei…akuak gi, uku coa pacok ba, uku neluak mak ku kemuat asuak ku kulo, si lok alau moi umeak tetanggoku gik umung.?”
Kepahiang : “Wei…akoak gi, uku coa nam ba, uku neloak inok ku kemuat asoak ku kulo, si lak aleu mai umeak tetanggo ku gik umung.”
English: “Ow…I’m sorry I can’t, my mother asks me to accompany my young sister at home, and she will go to my neighbor wedding party”.

“wei… akoak gi…” it is one of the way to refuse something in rejang language. It has the same meaning with Ow… I’m sorry I can’t. It also usually uses “maap nien kuat” or I’m so sorry buddy. Rejang’s dialect of Curup and kepahiang sound “oak” and rejang’s dialect of lebong sounds “uak”, for example to say young sister “asoak” in curup and kepahiang and “asuak” in Lebong.


 Complaint
Curup : “Ae… ko yo ba, coa de temengoa nadeak eh…!, ami awie o ba…”
Lebong : “Ae… ko yo ba, coa de temengoa nad’eak eh…!, ami aw’ei o ba…”
Kepahiang : “Ae… ko yo ba, coa de temengoa nadeak eh…!, ami awie o ba…”
English : “Uh… you never want to hear me!...please don’t like that.”

To explain our complaint in Rejang language often use “Ae”, it has the same meaning with Uh!, or “Ami awie o”, it means that please don’t.



CHAPTER IV

IV.1 CONCLUSION
Language of Rejang is dividing into three dialects; they are rejang’s dialect of Curup, rjang’s dialect of Kepahiang, and rejang’s dialect of Lebong. Dialect which utterance in North Bengkulu sub province include in rejang’s dialect of Curup.
Differences of dialect in Rejang language:
1. Rejang’s dialect of Lebong sounds ai; Rejang’s dialect of Curup sounds ei; Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang sounds hei. Example: Lebong says ji’ai – Curup says ji’ei – Kepahiang says jihei. It has the same meaning with so.
2. Rejang’s dialect of Lebong sounds eak; Rejang’s dialect of Curup sounds eak (same with lebong’s dialect); Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang sounds eah. Example: Lebong says teak – Curup says teak – Kepahiang says teah. It has the same meaning with father.
3. Rejang’s dialect of Lebong sounds au; Rejang’s dialect of Curup sounds eu; Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang sounds eu (same with rejang’s dialect of Curup). Example: Lebong says dau – Curup says deu – Kepahiang says deu. It has the same meaning with much.
4. Rejang’s dialect of Lebong sounds ok; Rejang’s dialect of Curup sounds ak; Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang sounds ak (same with rejang’s dialect of Curup). Example: Lebong says betunok – Curup says betunak – Kepahiang says betunak. It has the same meaning with get married.
The differences of dialect also there is in intonation when speaking. Rejang’s dialect of Kepahiang look like hard and rude. Rejang’s dialect of Curup look like soft and polite, and rejang’s dialect of Lebong look like softer and more polite than Rejang’s dialect of Curup. These three rejang’s dialect colours, absolutely show the traition and character of those rejang’s people.

REFERENCES
Aichele, W. 1935, 1984. A fragmentary sketch of the Rejang language. Reprinted in M. A. Jaspan (1984), pp. 145-158.
Hosein, H. M. 1971 ms. Edited by Abdullah Sani. Rejang asal-usul. 58 pp. (stenciled).
McGinn, Richard, 2007, Asal Bahasa Rejang : Ohio University.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect_(programming_language)
http://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rejang
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Rejang
http://berangberang.blogdrive.com/deofighting.blogspot.com
http://rejang-lebong.blogspot.com/2008/05/713-bahasa-daerah-musnah-bahasa-rejang.html